ISSUE: 4/2023

  • Volume 27
  • Number 4
  • 2023

Subscribe NEWSLETTER

Studia Europejskie –
Studies in European Affairs

ISSN: 1428-149X
e-ISSN: 2719-3780

Ccbync License

License

Articles published in the journal are under a Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives 4.0 International License

The Economic Security of Ukraine and the European Union in the Context of a Military Crisis

Abstract

Year 2022 brought increasing uncertainty and new challenges around the world, including in the European Union (EU), mainly related to the Russian aggression against Ukraine and its direct and indirect effects for all EU Member States. Europe finds itself in a difficult situation which provokes reflection on the current shape of the EU’s security policy and the need to rethink and structure its stipulations. Faced with Russian aggression against Ukraine, the EU has implemented a number of new foreign policy initiatives and measures to support both the economy of Ukraine and of its member states. This article explores the issue of EU and Ukrainian economic security in the context of the financial and economic intervention measures taken by the Union to maintain sustainable development in the region. The EU support is helping Ukraine to survive, while on the other hand the EU has certain demands regarding Ukrainian reforms and certain aspects of its policies. These sensitive issues regarding the inadequacy of the EU’s role in relation to recent challenges are topical in the debate in Ukraine.

References

Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States on one side, and Ukraine on the other side. 21.03.2014. OJ L 29.05.2014, L 161. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/ALL/?uri=CELEX:22014A0529(01) (Access 26.07.2023).
Bainczyk, M. (2016) „Umowa stowarzyszeniowa pomiędzy UE a Ukrainą elementem budowy bezpieczeństwa europejskiego. Wybrane aspekty swobodnego przepływu osób”, Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe. Vol. XIII, No. 16, p. 31.
Birdsall, N. and Diofasi, A., „Global Public Goods for Development: How Much and What For”, Centre for Global Development, p. 4.
Buchanan, J.M. (1965) „An Economic Theory of Clubs”, Economica. Vol. 32(125).
Buchanan, J.M. (1968) The Demand and Supply of Public Goods. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Dragneva, R. and Wolczuk, K. (2015) Ukraine between the EU and Russia. Palgrave Macmillan, p. 34.
Dulbecco, P. and LaPorte, B. (2005) „How can the security of international trade be financed in developing countries? A global public good approach”, World Development. Vol. 33(8), pp. 1201–1214.
Dziekański, P. (2014) „Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne wyzwaniem współczesnego regionu – próba oceny syntetycznej”, Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka-Praktyka-Refleksje. No. 16, p. 122.
Engerer, H. (2009) „Security Economics: Definition and Capacity”, Economics of Security Working Paper 5. Berlin. January 2009, pp. 16–17.
European Council (2001) Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof, OJ L 212, 7.08.2001.
European Council (2022a) Versailles Declaration of the Informal Meeting of Heads of State and Government 10–11 March 2022. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/54787/20220311-versailles-declaration-pl.pdf (Access 26.07.2023).
European Council (2022b) Council Regulation (EU) 2022/259 of 23 February 2022 amending Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 on restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine (OJ L 42 I, 23.02.2022, p. 1).
European Council (2022c) Council Implementing Regulations (EU) 2022/260 and 2022/261 of 23 February 2022 implementing Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 on restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine (OJ L 42 I, 23.02.2022, p. 3; OJ L 42 I, 23.02.2022, p. 15).
European Council (2022d) Council Regulation (EU) 2022/262 of 23 February 2022 amending Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia’s destabilising actions in Ukraine (OJ L 42 I, 23.02.2022, p. 74).
European Council (2022e) Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 of 23 February 2022 on restrictive measures in response to the recognition of the non-government-controlled areas of Ukraine’s Donetsk and Luhansk regions and ordering the deployment of Russian military forces in these areas (OJ L 42 I, 23.02.2022, p. 77).
European Council (2023) EU solidarity with Ukraine. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/pl/policies/eu-response-ukraine-invasion/eu-solidarity-ukraine (Access 14.09.2023).
European Commission (2022a) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council and the Council Commission Opinion on Ukraine’s application for membership of the European Union, Brussels. 17.06.2022 COM(2022) 407 final, p. 1.
European Commission (2022b) Communication from the Commission Temporary Crisis Framework for State Aid measures to support the economy following the aggression against Ukraine by Russia, Brussels. 23.03.2022 COM(2022) 1890 final, p. 3–5.
European Commission (2022c) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Ukraine Relief and Reconstruction, Brussels. 18.05.2022, COM(2022) 233 final, p. 1.
European Commission (2022d) Communication from the Commission, Temporary Crisis Framework for State Aid measures to support the economy following the aggression against Ukraine by Russia, Brussels. OJ C 280 z 21.07.2022.
European Commission (2022e) Communication from the Commission, Temporary Crisis Framework for State Aid measures to support the economy following the aggression against Ukraine by Russia, Brussels. OJ C 426 z 9.11.2022.
European Commission (2023a) Communication from the Commission, Temporary Crisis Framework for State Aid measures to support the economy following the aggression against Ukraine by Russia, Brussels. OJ C 101 z 17.03.2023.
European Commission (2023b) „List of Member State measures approved under Temporary Crisis Transition Framework”, 24th July 2023.
European Commission (2023c) Report from the Commission, Report on Competition Policy 2022, Brussels. 4.04.2023. COM(2023) 184 final, p. 3.
European Commission (2023d) Recovery and reconstruction of Ukraine. Available at: https://eu-solidarity-ukraine.ec.europa.eu/eu-assistance-ukraine/recovery-and-reconstruction-ukraine_pl#bie%C5%BC%C4%85ce-wsparcie-ue (Access 27.07.2023).
European Parliament (2023a) Three Eastern Partnership neighbours: Ukraine, Moldova and Belarus. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/pl/sheet/171/trzej-sasiedzi-ue-objeci-partnerstwem-wschodnim-ukraina-moldawia-i-bialorus (Access 26.07.2023).
European Parliament (2023b) The European Neighbourhood Policy. Article 8 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU); Title V TEU (external actions). Articles 206–207 (trade) and 216–219 (international agreements) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/pl/sheet/170/europejska-polityka-sasiedztwa (Access 26.07.2023).
Hallgren, H. and Solonenko, I. (2015) Can the European Union Help Ukraine to Succeed? Reforms, the Russian Factor and Implications for the Eastern Neighbourhood. Heinrich Boehl Stiftung. Brussel. 26.12.2015. Available at: https://tiny.pl/75pt5 (Access 26.07.2023).
Hnatenko, V. (2020) „Economic Security in The State National Security System”, Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie. No. 3(27), pp. 97–98.
Holcombe, R.A. (1997) “Theory of the Theory of Public Goods”, Review of Austrian Economics. Vol. 10(1), p. 1.
Koziej, S. (2011) „Bezpieczeństwo: istota, podstawowe kategorie i historyczna ewolucja”, Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe. No II.
Kruglashov, A. (2018) „Securing Insecure: Ukraine on the Margin of European Integration Process”. Conference Paper, June 2018. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325628072 (Access 1.08.2023).
Kruglashov, A. and Sabadash, N. (2022) „Decentralisation Processes in Ukraine: Dilemmas of Democratisation and National Security”, Public Policy and Administration. Vol. 21(1), pp. 22–37.
Księżopolski, K.M. (2004) Ekonomiczne zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa państw. Metody i środki przeciwdziałania. Warszawa: Elipsa, pp. 39–54.
Księżopolski, K. and Pronińska, K. (2012) (eds.) Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne w perspektywie politologicznej – wybrane problemy. Warszawa: Elipsa, pp. 175–180.
Księżopolski, K.M. (2011) Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne. Warszawa: Elipsa, pp. 36–51.
Kuzio, T. (2006) „Is Ukraine Part of Europe’s Future?”, Washington Quarterly. No. 5, p. 90.
Leszczyński, M. (2016) „Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne w warunkach postępującej finansyzacji”, Studia i Prace WNEIZ US. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych i Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. No. 44/3, pp. 165–166.
Leszczenko, L. (2019) „Ukraina – pożegnanie wielowektorowości. Europeizacja polityki zagranicznej i bezpieczeń stwa” in Leszczenko, L., Giebień, H., Jagiełło-Szostak, A., Jarząbek, J., Szyszlak, E. and Szyszlak, T. (eds.) Pogranicza cywilizacji. Wpływ dylematów tożsamościowych na politykę zagraniczną i bezpieczeństwa wybranych państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Warszawa: Elipsa, p. 180.
Leszczyński, M. (2020) „Bezpieczeństwo jako dobro publiczne w społeczeństwie ryzyka”, Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy. Vol. 61(1), p. 112.
Murdoch, C. (2001) Economic factors as objects of security: Economics security & vulnerability in Knorr, K. and Trager, F. (eds.) Economics interests & national security. Lawrence, p. 867.
Musgrave, R.A. (1959) The Theory of Public Finance. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nechaieva-Yuriichuk, N. (2022) „New Geopolitical Initiatives in Black Sea Region: Verification by Russian-Ukrainian War”, GeoPolitica. Revista de Geografi e Politica, GeoPolitica si GeoStrategie. Vol. 96–97(4), pp. 71–78. Available at: https://www.geopolitic.ro/2023/02/new-geopolitical-initiatives-black-sea-region-verifi cation-russian-ukrainian-war/ (Access 28.09.2023).
Nechaieva-Yuriichuk, H. (2022a) „Bezpekovi vymiry heopolitychnykh initsiatyv u rehioni TSentralno-Skhidnoi Yevropy”, Mediaforum. Vol. 11, pp. 141–161. Available at: https://journals.chnu.edu.ua/index.php/mediaforum/article/view/337/258 (Access 28.09.2023).
Nechaieva-Yuriichuk, H. (2022b) „Konstruiuvannia suchasnoho «spivtovarystva bezpeky» v konteksti vyklykiv rosiiśko-ukrainśkoi viiny”, Mediaforum. Vol. 10, pp. 184–195. Available at: https://journals.chnu.edu.ua/index.php/mediaforum/article/view/312/235 (Access 28.09.2023).
Niedziółka, D. (2021) „Uwarunkowania bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej”, Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Vol. 19(1), p. 206.
Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Communities, their Member States and Ukraine. Available at: https://tiny.pl/75p7w (Access 26.07.2023).
Pokruszyński, W. (2016) Teoretyczne aspekty bezpieczeństwa. Academic Coursebook. Józefów: Wydawnictwo WSGE.
Simanavicius, A., Subonyte, J. and Simanavičienė, Ž. (2019) “Perception of Economic Security”, Public Security and Public Order. No. 22.
Samuelson, P.A. and Nordhaus, W.D. (1989) Macroeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., p. 45.
Sandler, T. (2007) Regional public goods, aid, and development. Available at: http://www.adbi.org/fi les/cpp.sandler.regional.public.goods.aid.devel-opment.pdf (Access 31.07.2023).
Sandler, T. and Enders, W. (2007) Economic Consequences of terrorism in developed and developing countries: an overview in Keefer, P. and Loayza, N. (eds.) Terrorism and Economic Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, chapter 1.
Stachowiak, Z. (2012) Teoria i praktyka mechanizmu bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego państwa. Ujęcie instytucjonalne. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo AON.
Solonenko, I. (2007) „The EU’s Transformative Power beyond Enlargement: the Case of Ukraine’s Democratisation”, European Research Working Paper. Series Number 21. The University of Birmingham European Research Institute, July 2007, pp. 16–20. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200674781_The_EU%27s_%27Transformative_Power%27_beyond_Enlargement_the_Case_of_Ukraine%27s_Democratisation (Access 26.07.2023).
Smith, K.E. (2005) „The outsiders: the European Neighbourhood Policy”, International Affairs. Vol. 81(4), pp. 757–773.
Tretyak, V. and Gordienko, T.M. (2010) “Economic security: the essence and conditions of formation”, Economic Science. No. 1, pp. 6–8.
UOKIK (2023) Temporary Crisis Legal Framework (Russia’s aggression against Ukraine). Available at: https://uokik.gov.pl/tymczasowe_kryzysowe_ramy_prawne.php (Access 27.09.2023).
Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy (1994) Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Communities, their Member States and Ukraine. Available at: https://tiny.pl/75p7w. (Access 26.09.2023).
Zheltovskyy, V. (2021) „Perspektywy rozwoju stosunków Unia Europejska – Ukraina”, Facta Simonidis. Vol. 1(14), p. 59.
Żukrowska, K. (2006) Pojęcie bezpieczeństwa i jego ewolucja in Żukrowska, K. and Grącik, M. (eds.) Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe. Teoria i praktyka. Warszawa: Szkoła Główna Handlowa, p. 21.

Language: English

Pages: 109-132

How to Cite:

Harvard

Kłos, A. and Latoszek, E. (2023) "The Economic Security of Ukraine and the European Union in the Context of a Military Crisis". Studia Europejskie – Studies in European Affairs, 4/2023, pp. 109-132. DOI: 10.33067/SE.4.2023.7

APA
Chicago