Home >

Issues >

1/2024 >

Article

1 2024 Okladka

ISSUE: 1/2024

  • Volume 28
  • Number 1
  • 2024

Subscribe NEWSLETTER

Studia Europejskie –
Studies in European Affairs

ISSN: 1428-149X
e-ISSN: 2719-3780

Ccbync License

License

Articles published in the journal are under a Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives 4.0 International License

The Atypical Forms of Employment Acceptance by Polish Full-Time Employees as per Modern Labour Market Rules in an EU-Country Context

Anna Pawłowska

Keywords:
 Atypical Forms of Employment Employability Flexible Employee Job Insecurity Transactional Psychological Contract Well-being

Abstract

This manuscript is dedicated to atypical forms of employment which are a response to transactional relations between the employee and the employer on the modern labour market. The general research question is whether employees who accept atypical forms of employment (or “AFE”; readiness to providing work) obtain benefits in the form of high employability and well-being as well as low levels of job insecurity. The assumptions and the research scheme are new compared to previous studies. A quantitative CAWI study was conducted on a sample of Polish full-time employees (N = 543), as potentially voluntarily declaring their acceptance of AFE. In addition, well-being was operationalised according to C. Ryff ’s approach as a sense of agency in the creation of the professional environment. The respondents were divided into two groups – those accepting AFE and those accepting traditional, long-term employment, in reference to the concept of transactional and relational psychological contract. The regression analysis shows that the first group had a high level of employability. However, they achieved low levels of well-being, and job insecurity was not significant. These are individuals in managerial positions in the private sector. On the other hand, the group that accepts the traditional form of relationships are public sector employees and have high job insecurity only. An important determinant of the acceptance of AFE is the so-called “Big Five trait” openness. In addition, the level of acceptance decreases with age. Gender and education are not statistically significant.
The focus in this paper on full-time employees, and the benefits of AFE, fill the research gap in this area. It also delivers recommendations for labour market practices and policy on how to support employees on the modern labour market in EU countries.

References

Aloisi, A. (2022) “Platform work in Europe: Lessons learned, legal developments and challenges ahead”, European Labour Law Journal. Vol. 13(1), pp. 4–29.
Bąk-Grabowska, D., Cierniak-Emerych A., Dziuba Sz. and Grzesik, K. (2022) “Forms of Employment From The Perspective of Demographic Cohorts”, Organization Review. Vol. 3(986), pp. 32–40. DOI: 10.33141/po.2022.03.04.
Barron, P. and Anastasiadou, C. (2009) “Student part-time employment”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. Vol. 21(2), pp. 140–153.
Berezka, A. (2012) „Nietypowe formy zatrudnienia w Polsce na tle wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej”, Studia i Prace Wydziału Nauk Ekonomicznych i Zarządzania. No. 28, pp. 97–115. Available at: https://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media/files/Studia_i_Prace_Wydzialu_Nauk_Ekonomicznych_i_Zarzadzania/Studia_i_Prace_Wydzialu_Nauk_Ekonomicznych_i_Zarzadzania-r2012-t28/Studia_i_Prace_Wydzialu_Nauk_Ekonomicznych_i_Zarzadzania-r2012-t28-s97-115/Studia_i_Prace_Wydzialu_Nauk_Ekonomicznych_i_Zarzadzania-r2012-t28-s97-115.pdf (Access 12.01.2024).
Brzeziński, A. (2017) „Elastyczne formy zatrudnienia i zakres ich występowania”, Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej Zarządzanie. Vol. 28(1), pp. 194–207.
Chung, H., van der Horst, M. (2018) “Women’s employment patterns after childbirth and the perceived access to and use of flexitime and teleworking”, Hum Relat. Vol. 71(1), pp. 47–72. DOI: 10.1177/0018726717713828.
da Motta Veiga, S.P., Turban, D.B. (2018) “Insight into job search self-regulation: Effects of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity”, Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 108, pp. 57–66.
De Cuyper, N., Bernhard-Oettel, C., Berntson Hans De Witte, E. and Alarco K.U.B. (2008) “Employability and Employees’ Well-Being: Mediation by Job Insecurity”, Applied Psychology: An International Review. Vol. 57(3), pp. 488–509. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00332.x.
De Vos, A., Jacobs, S. and Verbruggen, M. (2021) “Career transitions and employability”, Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 126.
Dubel, P. (2020) Zarządzanie funduszami strukturalnymi Unii Europejskiej a polityka rozwoju regionalnego. Projekty i ich realizacja. Warszawa: Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne.
Eurofound (2016) New forms of employment: Developing the potential of strategic employee sharing. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
European Parliament (2020) Precarious work from a gender and intersectionality perspective, and ways to combat it. Brussels.
Eurostad (2018) Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Archive:Employment_statistics/pl&oldid=414038 (Access 12.01.2024).
Frey, A. and Grill, J. (2015) Pracoprzedsiębiorca: Model pracownika przyszłości. Kraków: Narodowe Forum Doradztwa Kariery.
Fuller, S. and Hirsh, C.E. (2019) “Family-Friendly Jobs and Motherhood Pay Penalties: The Impact of Flexible Work Arrangements Across the Educational Spectrum”, Work and Occupations. Vol. 46(1), pp. 3–44. DOI: 10.1177/0730888418771116.
Gallup (2023) State of the Global Workplace 2023 Report. The voice of the world’s employees. Gallup’s Report.
Gialis, S., Tsampra, M. and Leontidou, L. (2017) “Atypical employment in crisis-hit Greek regions: Local production structures, flexibilization and labour market re/deregulation”, Economic and Industrial Democracy. Vol. 38(4), pp. 656–676. DOI: 10.1177/0143831X15586815.
Gialis, S., Tsampra, M. and Leontidou, L. (2017) “Atypical employment in crisis-hit Greek regions: Local production structures, flexibilization and labour market re/deregulation”, Economic and Industrial Democracy. Vol. 38(4), pp. 656–676. DOI: 10.1177/0143831X15586815.
Gomółka K., Gawrycka, M. and Kuc-Czarnecka, M. (2023) “The Employment of Ukrainians as an Opportunity to Fill the Labour Market in Poland – Selected Issues”, Studia Europejskie – Studies in European Affairs. Vol. 27(2). DOI: 10.33067/SE.2.2023.8.
Gouzoulis, G., Iliopoulos, P. and Galanis, G. (2023) “Financialization and the rise of atypical work”, British Journal of Industrial Relations. No. 61, pp. 24–45. DOI: 10.1111/bjir.12701.
Granger, S., Caza, B.B., Ashford, S.J. and Reid, E.M. (2022) “Adapting to a jolt: A mixed methods study identifying challenges and personal resources impacting professional gig workers’ well-being during COVID-19”, Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 138. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103784.
Green, A. and Livanos, I. (2017) “Involuntary non-standard employment in Europe”, European Urban and Regional Studies. Vol. 24(2), pp. 175–192.
GUS (2023) Ile osób pracuje zdalnie? GUS podał dane. Available at: https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Ile-osob-pracuje-zdalnie-GUS-podal-dane-8547040.html (Access 12.01.2024).
Karaś, D. and Cieciuch J. (2017) „Polska adaptacja Kwestionariusza Dobrostanu (Psychological Well-being Scales) Caroll Ryff”, Roczniki Psychologiczne, pp. 815–835.
Kattenbach, R., Schneidhofer, T.M., Lücke, J., Latzke, M., Loacker, B., Schramm, F. and Mayrhofer, W. (2023) “A quarter of a century of job transitions in Germany”, Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 143, p. 103877.
Keller, B. and Seifert, H. (2015) “Atypical Forms of Employment in the Public Sector. Are There Any?”, Technical Report in SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2647957.
Lamri, J. (2021) Kompetencje XXI wieku. Kreatywność, komunikacja, krytyczne myślenie, kooperacja. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer Polska.
Li, Y., Guan, Y., Wang, F., Zhou, X., Guo, K., Jiang, P., Mo, Z., Li, Yu. and Fang, Z. (2015) “Big-five personality and BIS/BAS traits as predictors of career exploration: The mediation role of career adaptability”, Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 89, pp. 39–45.
Markefke, T. and Rehm, R. (2020) “Macroeconomic determinants of involuntary part-time employment in Germany”. Working Paper Series in Economics. No. 103.
Mayrhofer, W., Kattenbach, R., Schneidhofer, T.M., Lücke, J., Latzke, M., Loacker, B. and Schramm, F. (2023) “A quarter of a century of job transitions in Germany”, Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 143, p. 103877.
Menéndez-Espinai, S., Llosa, J.A., Agulló-Tomás, E., Rodríguez-Suárez, J., Sáiz-Villar, R., Lasheras-Díez, H.F., DeWitte, H. and Boada-Grau, J. (2020) “The influence of gender inequality in the development of job insecurity: differences between women and men”, Frontiers in Public Health. Vol. 8, p. 526162.
Miech, K. (2019) Formy zatrudnienia w Polsce – poznaj podobieństwa i różnice między nimi. Available at: https://inewi.pl/Blog/formy-zatrudnienia-w-polsce-poznaj-podobienstwa-i-roznice-miedzy-nimi (Access 11.01.2024).
Mockałło, Z. and Barańska, P. (2022) „Nowe formy pracy – ich charakterystyka oraz związki z dobrostanem osób pracujących”, Bezpieczeństwo Pracy: nauka i praktyka. No. 9, pp. 10–14.
Morgan, Ph., Allington, N. and Heery, E. (2000) Employment insecurity in the public services in Heery, E. and Salmon, J. (eds.) The Insecure Workforce. London–New York, pp. 78–111.
OECD (2019) OECD The Future of work. Employment Outlook 2019. Highlights. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/berlin/publikationen/Employment-Outlook-2019-Highlight-EN-Web.pdf (Access 12.01.2024).
Panaccio, A. and Vandenberghe, Ch. (2009) “Perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study”, Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 75(2), pp. 224–236.
PARP (2020) Raport: Alternatywne formy pracy. Available at: https://www.parp.gov.pl/component/publications/publication/alternatywne-formy-pracy (Access 11.01.2024).
Pavani, J.-B., Fort, I., Moncel, C., Ritz, H. and Dauvier, B. (2021) “Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on the weekly dynamics of jobseekers’ self-regulation”, Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 130, p. 103618.
Pawłowska, A. (2022) Flexible Human Resources Management and Vocational Behavior. The Employability Market Orientation Model. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group.
Piwowarska, K. (2023) W II kwartale 2023 r. 15 705 tys. osób wykonywało pracę w pełnym wymiarze czasu. Available at: https://kadry.infor.pl/kodeks-pracy/czas-pracy/6354053,praca-w-pelnym-wymiarze-czasu-pracy.html (Access 11.01.2024).
Randstad (2021) Flexibility@work 2021 Embracing change. Available at: https://workforceinsights.randstad.com/hubfs/flexibility-at-work-2021-embracing-change.pdf (Access 11.01.2024).
Ratti, L. and Garcia-Muñoz, A. (2022) “Dialogue and Debate: Symposium on Law and The Production of Precarious Work in Europe. EU Law, In-Work Poverty and Vulnerable Workers”, European Law Open. No. 1, pp. 733–747. DOI: 10.1017/elo.2022.41.
Sluiter, R., Manevska, K. and Akkerman, A. (2022) “Atypical work, worker voice and supervisor responses”, Socio-Economic Review. Vol. 20(3), pp. 1069–1089. DOI: 10.1093/ser/mwaa022.
Sobocka-Szczapa, H. (2015) “Atypical Forms of Employment as a Determinant of Economic Activity of People above 45 Years Old”, Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie. Vol. 16(1), pp. 161–172. DOI: 10.1515/eam-2015-0010.
Sorokowska, A., Słowińska, A., Zbieg, A. and Sorokowski, P. (2014) Polska adaptacja testu Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) – TIPI-PL – wersja standardowa i internetowa. Wrocław: WrocLab.
Standing, G. (2014) Prekariat. Nowa niebezpieczna klasa. Warszawa: PWN.
Valletta, R.G., Bengali, L. and van der List, C. (2020) “Cyclical and market determinants of involuntary part-time employment”, Journal of Labor Economics. Vol. 38(1), pp. 67–93.
Van Aerden, K., Moors, G., Levecque, K. and Vanroelen, Ch. (2015) “The relationship between employment quality and work-related well-being in the European Labor Force”, Journal of Vocational Behavior. No. 86, pp. 66–76.
van der Zwan, P., Hessels, J. and Burger, M. (2020) “Szczęśliwe wolne wole? Badanie związku między freelancingiem a subiektywnym samopoczuciem”, Ekonomia małych przedsiębiorstw. No. 55, pp. 475–491.
Walczak, K. (2023) Kapitał ludzki w warunkach niepewności z punktu widzenia form zatrudnienia – wyzwania i implikacje in Juchnowicz, M. and Kinowska, H. Zarządzanie kapitałem ludzkim w warunkach niepewności. Wyzwania i implikacje. Warszawa: Politechnika Warszawska.
wei.org.pl (2022) Po etacie. Nowe modele pracy w erze cyfrowej. Raport 2022. Available at: https://wei.org.pl/2022/aktualnosci/admin/raport-po-etacie-nowe-modele-pracy-w-erze-cyfrowej/ (Access 12.01.2024).
Wellin, M. (2010) Zarządzanie kontraktem psychologicznym. Zaangażowanie pracowników. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer Polska.
Wille, B., De Fruyt, F. and Feys, M. (2010) “Vocational interests and Big Five traits as predictors of job instability”, Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 76(3), pp. 547–558.
Wood, A. and Lehdonvirta, V. (2021) Platform Precarity: Surviving Algorithmic Insecurity in the Gig Economy. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3795375 (Access 11.01.2024). DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3795375.
www.rp.pl (2023) Zadyszka w produkcji hamuje pracę tymczasową. Available at: https://www.rp.pl/rynek-pracy/art39025201-zadyszka-w-produkcji-hamuje-prace-tymczasowa (Access 11.01.2024).
Zawadzki, B., Strelau, J., Szczepaniak, P. and Śliwińska, M. (2007) Inwentarz Osobowości NEO-FFI Paula T. Costy Jr i Roberta R. McCrea. Adaptacja polska. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych.

DOI: 10.33067/SE.1.2024.9

Download pdf

Language: English

Pages: 165-187

How to Cite:

Harvard

Pawłowska, A. (2024) "The Atypical Forms of Employment Acceptance by Polish Full-Time Employees as per Modern Labour Market Rules in an EU-Country Context". Studia Europejskie – Studies in European Affairs, 1/2024, pp. 165-187. DOI: 10.33067/SE.1.2024.9

APA
Chicago