ISSUE: 4/2024
- Volume 28
- Number 4
- 2024
Subscribe NEWSLETTER
Studia Europejskie –
Studies in European Affairs
ISSN: 1428-149X
e-ISSN: 2719-3780
License
Articles published in the journal are under a Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives 4.0 International License
Publication co-financed by Ministry of Science and Higher Education pursuant to the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Science of 3 August 2021 (Journal of Laws of 2021, item 1514) on the “Development of Scientific Journals” programme.
Publikacja dofinansowana przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego na podstawie rozporządzenia Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z 3 sierpnia 2021 r. (Dz. U. z 2021 r. poz. 1514) w sprawie programu „Rozwój czasopism naukowych”.
Publication co-financed by the University of Warsaw within the “Excellence Initiative – Research University” programme.
Czasopismo otrzymało dofinasowanie w ramach Programu „Inicjatywa Doskonałości – Uczelnia Badawcza”.
Space Diplomacy: The Case of Türkiye as a Regional Actor
Abstract
After the launch of Sputnik-I in 1957, the space age had begun. Initially, the USSR and USA were the primary actors in the space race. However, countries such as Canada, France, China, India, and Japan along with European nations would also become prominent actors in the space race over time. The inherent benefits of investing in space play a decisive role in countries’ expanding space-related activities by bringing not only technological and strategic benefits, but also, and most importantly, prestige in the international arena. Therefore, almost any country one could care to mention is striving to develop their space ecosystems and take part in the space race in today’s world with all the resources and capabilities they have.
Even though Türkiye joined the space race relatively late compared to the abovementioned countries, it has made remarkable progress in the last two decades. Undoubtedly, the establishment of Turkish Space Agency in 2018 was one of most significant achievements in this realm, as national agencies play a crucial role in developing states’ domestic and national capabilities in the field of space. Shortly after its establishment, the Turkish agency announced its National Space Program in 2021, a comprehensive project that aims to coordinate and integrate Türkiye’s vision, strategies, goals, and projects in space over the next decade. In this sense, the aim of this study is to analyse Türkiye’s space diplomacy activities in the 21st century by focusing on national policies, visions, objectives, and regional and international collaborations in this realm to gain a better understanding about Türkiye’s international standings in the global space race.
References
Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (2018) Development Vision 2030 of Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization. Available at: http://www.apsco.int/upload/file/20190304/2019030411022230805.pdf (Access 24.10.2024).
Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (n.d.) About APSCO. Available at: http://www.apsco.int/html/comp1/content/WhatisAP-SCO /2018-06-06/33-144-1.shtml (Access 24.09.2024).
Erler Bayır, Ö. (2023) Yeni-Yeni Diplomasi. Istanbul: Altınbaş University Publications.
Euroconsult (2023) New Historic High for Government Space Spending Mostly Driven by Defense Expenditures. Available at: https://www.euroconsultec.com/press-release/new-historic-high-for-government-space-spend-ing-mostly-driven-by-defense-expenditures/ (Access 25.10.2024).
European Space Agency (2022) This Is ESA. Available at: https://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/corporate/This_is_ESA_EN_LR.pdf (Access 25.10.2024).
European Space Agency. ESA Facts. Available at: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/ESA_facts (Access 25.10.2024).
Hörber, T. (2016) The European Space Agency and The European Union in Hörber, T. and Stephanson, P. (eds.) European Space Policy: European Integration and the Final Frontier. New York: Routledge.
International Astronautical Federation, IAF. History and Missions. Available at: https://www.iafastro.org/about/history-and-missions.html (Access 24.09.2024).
Marchisio, S. (2015) “Security in Space, Issues at Stake”, Space Policy. Vol. 33(2), pp. 67–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2015.04.001.
Özdemir, G.S. (2024) Assessing Türkiye’s Role in the Global Space Competition. Foundation for Political Economic and Social Research, SETA. Istanbul: SETA Publications.
Özeren, F.F. (2023) Collaboration Potential and Possibilities with APSCO in Bayraktar, Y., Akun, V.N. and Alis, S. (eds.) Proceedings for the Second Symposium on Space Economy, Space Law and Space Sciences. Istanbul: IU Press. DOI: 10.26650/PB/SS46PS01.2023.004.012.
Presidency of Republic of Türkiye, Presidency of Strategy and Budget (2006) Ninth Development Plan: 2007–2013. Available at: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Ninth_Development_Plan_2007-2013.pdf (Access 23.09.2024).
Presidency of Republic of Türkiye, Presidency of Strategy and Budget (2013) Tenth Development Plan: 2014–2018. Available at: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/The_Tenth_Development_Plan_2014-2018.pdf (Access 23.09.2024).
Presidency of Republic of Türkiye, Presidency of Strategy and Budget (2019) Eleventh National Development Plan: 2019–2023. Available at: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Eleventh_Development_Plan_2019-2023.pdf (Access 24.09.2024).
Scott, P. (2015) “Security in Space”, Space Policy. Vol. 33(2), pp. 51–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2015.02.004.
Tahsin, E. and Börü, F. (2022) An Investigation of Turkiye’s Space Activities in the Context of Technological Capabilities and Mission-Oriented Tasks in Balın, B.E., Akun, V.N. and Alis, S. (eds.) Proceedings for the First Symposium on Space Economy, Space Law and Space Sciences. Istanbul: IU Press.
Turkish Space Agency, TUA (2021) National Space Program. Available at: https://cdn.tua.gov.tr/60b61f993ada2.pdf (Access 25.10.2024).
Turkish Space Agency, TUA. International Activities: APSCO, Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization. Available at: https://tua.gov.tr/en/international-memberships/the-asia-pacific-space-cooperation-organization (Access 24.09.2024).
Turkish Space Agency, TUA. International Activities: COSPAR, Committee in Space Research. Available at: https://tua.gov.tr/en/international-memberships/o-committee-in-space-research (Access 23.09.2024).
Turkish Space Agency, TUA. International Activities: EURISY, Acting Collectively to Bridge Space and Society. Available at: https://tua.gov.tr/en/international-memberships/eurisy (Access 24.09.2024).
Turkish Space Agency, TUA. International Activities: ISNET, Inter-Islamic Network on Space Sciences and Technology. Available at: https://tua.gov.tr/en/international-memberships/inter-islamic-network-on-space-sciences-and-technology (Access 25.09.2024).
Turkish Space Agency, TUA. International Activities: The International Astronautical Federation, IAF. Available at: https://tua.gov.tr/en/international-memberships/the-international-astronautical-federation-iaf (Access 24.09.2024).
Turkish Space Agency, TUA. International Activities: UBAKK, The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS). Available at: https://tua.gov.tr/en/international-memberships/the-committee-on-the-peaceful-uses-of-outer-space-copuos (Access 25.09.2024).
Türkiye Uzay Ajansı, TUA (2022) Milli Uzay Programı Strateji Belgesi: 2022–2030. Available at: https://cdn.tua.gov.tr/62988f09d2a2e.pdf (Access 25.10.2024).
Türkiye Uzay Ajansı, TUA Uluslararası Üyelikler. Available at: https://tua.gov.tr/tr/uluslararasi-faaliyetler/uluslararasi-uyelikler (Access 24.09.2024).
Language: English
Pages: 263-278
How to Cite:
Harvard
Baykal, S. and Erler Bayır, Ö. (2024) "Space Diplomacy: The Case of Türkiye as a Regional Actor". Studia Europejskie – Studies in European Affairs, 4/2024, pp. 263-278. DOI: 10.33067/SE.4.2024.12