ISSUE: 4/2024
- Volume 28
- Number 4
- 2024
Subscribe NEWSLETTER
Studia Europejskie –
Studies in European Affairs
ISSN: 1428-149X
e-ISSN: 2719-3780
License
Articles published in the journal are under a Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives 4.0 International License
Publication co-financed by Ministry of Science and Higher Education pursuant to the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Science of 3 August 2021 (Journal of Laws of 2021, item 1514) on the “Development of Scientific Journals” programme.
Publikacja dofinansowana przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego na podstawie rozporządzenia Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z 3 sierpnia 2021 r. (Dz. U. z 2021 r. poz. 1514) w sprawie programu „Rozwój czasopism naukowych”.
Publication co-financed by the University of Warsaw within the “Excellence Initiative – Research University” programme.
Czasopismo otrzymało dofinasowanie w ramach Programu „Inicjatywa Doskonałości – Uczelnia Badawcza”.
Access to the Right to Education for Undocumented Migrant Workers and Their Family Members Within the EU
Abstract
The right to education is guaranteed by various core international human rights treaties. Effective access to this right for all should be ensured within the EU, but is this, in fact, the case? This article examines access to education for children of undocumented migrant workers, identifies the legal framework in this area, determines who is responsible for ensuring effective access to education as guaranteed by international treaties, and outlines the main barriers to accessing this right for a selected group of people, particularly children, in the context of education. Based on positive examples from the practices of selected Member States, the article concludes by proposing a solution that, from the author’s perspective, would address the issues analysed at the EU level and improve the current situation.
References
Bicocchi, L. and LeVoy, M. (2008) Undocumented Children in Europe: Invisible Victims of Immigration Restrictions. Belgium: Brussels, Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants. Available at: https://resource-centre-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/3784.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
BMJ (2019) Healthcare is not universal if undocumented migrants are excluded. London: BMJ Publishing Group. Available at: https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4160.full (Access 1.09.2024).
Council of Europe (2024) Guide on Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights. Available at: https://ks.echr.coe.int/documents/d/echr-ks/guide_art_2_protocol_1_eng (Access 1.09.2024).
Chirwa, D.M. (2004) “The doctrine of state responsibility as a potencial means of holding private actors accountable for human right”, Melbourne Journal of International Law. Vol. 5. Available at: https:// law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/1680422/Chirwa.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
Decision of the European Committee of Social Rights (2011) Médecins du Monde – International v. France, no. 67/2011.
Delvino, N. and Spencer, S. (2019) Migrants with Irregular Status in Europe: Guidance for Municipalities. Available at: https://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/ wp-content/uploads/CMISE-Guidance-for-Municipalities-Migrants-with-Irregular-Status-in-Europe.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
Directive (EU) 2021/1883 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2021 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purpose of highly qualified employment, and repealing Council Directive 2009/50/EC [2021] OJ L 382, 28.10.2021, pp. 1–38.
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (2016). ECRI general policy Recommendation no. 16 on safeguarding irregulary present migrants from discrimination. Strassbourg: Council of Europe. Available at: https://rm.coe.int/ecri-general-policy-recommendation-no-16-on-safeguarding-irregularly-p/16808b5b0b (Access 1.09.2024).
European Parliament resolution of 18 April 2018 on progress on the UN Global Compacts for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and on Refugees (2018) 2018/2642(RSP).
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2018) Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey; Being Black in the EU. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Available at: https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2018-being-black-in-the-eu_en.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and Council of Europe (2022) Handbook on European law relating to the rights of the child. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Available at: https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-coe-2022-handbook-child-rights_en.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
Európska komisia proti rasizmu a intolerancii (ECRI) (n.d.) Ochrana migrantov bez povolenia na pobyt pred diskrimináciou. Available at: https://rm.coe.int/vseobecne-politicke-odporucanie-ecri-c-16-klucove-temy-ochrana-migrant/16808b7683 (Access 1.09.2024).
Gálvez-Iniesta, I. and Groizard, J.L. (2021) Undocumented Migration and Electoral Support: Evidence From Spain. Politics and Governance. Available at: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/4379/4379 (Access 1.09.2024).
Hermansson, L. et al. (2020) Firewalls: A necessary tool to enable social rights for undocumented migrants in social work. Linköping, Sweden: Linköping University. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0020872820924454 (Access 1.09.2024).
Jílek, D., Větrovský, J. and Šmigová, K. (2015) Segregace, vzdělávací příležitost a závazky státu. Praha: Wolters Kluwer.
Lefevre, F. (n.d.) Access to Education, Barriers and Inclusion. Together moving forward. Available at: https://togethermovingforward.eu/access-to-education-barriers-and-inclusion/ (Access 1.09.2024).
MacDonald, E. and Cholewinski, R. (2007) The Migrant Workers Convention in Europe. France: UNESCO. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000152537 (Access 1.09.2024).
Markovic Baluchova, B. (2015) “Viac ako potrebný seminár o nelegálnej migrácii v Bratislave“, Prohuman. Available at: https://www.prohuman.sk/rozvojova-pomoc/viac-ako-potrebny-seminar-o-nelegalnej-migracii-v-bratislave (Access 1.09.2024).
MPSVR SR (n.d.) Usmernenia EÚ pre presadzovanie a ochranu práv dieťaťa. Available at: https://www.employment.gov.sk/files/slovensky/ministerstvo/poradne-organy/ludske-prava-narodnostne-mensiny-rodovu-rovnost-sr/vybor-deti-mladez/usmernenia-europskej-unie-pre-presadzovanie-a-ochranu-prav-dietata.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (2011) Rights of migrant workers in Europe. Available at: https://europe.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/Migrant_Workers.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
PICUM (2023) Access to Early Childhood Education and Care for Undocumented Children and Families. Obstacles and Promising Practices. Available at: https://picum.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Access-to-Early-Childhood-Education-and-Care-for-Undocumented-Children-and-Families.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
Platform for international cooperation in undocumented migrants (2012) Undocumented Children: Barriers to Accessing Social Rights in Europe. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/CRC/Discussions/2012/Submissions/PICUM.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
Stavros, S. (2020) A personal-data firewall between enforcement and services: a pan-European approach. Oxford: Head of the Office of the SG’s SRSG on Migration and Refugees of the Council of Europe. Available at: https://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/AA17-Stavros.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
UNESCO (n.d.) Education for migrants: an inalienable human right. Available at: https://en.unesco.org/courier/2018-4/education-mig-rants-inalienable-human-right (Access 1.09.2024).
UNESCO (2018) The status of the right to education of migrants: International legal framework, remaining barriers at national level and good examples of states’ implementation. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265927 (Access 8.07.2024).
UNESCO (2019) Right to education handbook. Available at: https://www. right-to-education.org/sites/right-to-education.org/files/resource-attachments/RTE-UNESCO_Right%20to%20education%20 handbook_2019_En.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
UNHCR – UNICEF – IOM (2019) Access to Education for Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/neu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/09/Access-to-education-europe-19.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
United Nations (n.d.) Principles and Guidelines, supported by practical guidance, on the human rights protection of migrants in vulnerable situations. Geneva, Switzerland: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Migration/PrinciplesAndGuidelines.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
United Nations (2011) Guiding principles on business and human rights, Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/guidingprinciplesbusinesshr_en.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
United Nations (2018) Background paper prepared for the 2019 – Global Education Monitoring Report; Migration, displacement and education: Building bridges, not walls; The status of the right to education of migrants: International legal framework, remaining barriers at national level and good examples of states’ implementation. Available at: https://www.right-to-education.org/sites/right-to-education.org/files/resource-attachments/RTE_UNESCO_Background_Paper_Migrants_2018_En.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
United Nations (2019) Promising local practices for the enjoyment of the right to health by migrants. Available at: https://migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/resources_files/Promising%20local%20practices%20for%20the%20enjoyment%20of%20the%20right%20to%20health%20by%20migrants.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
United Nations (2020) Rights of migrant workers in Europe. Office of the High Commissioner. Available at: https://europe.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/Migrant_Workers.pdf (Access 1.09.2024).
DOI: 10.33067/SE.4.2024.7
Language: English
Pages: 151-170
How to Cite:
Harvard
Moravcová, D. (2024) "Access to the Right to Education for Undocumented Migrant Workers and Their Family Members Within the EU". Studia Europejskie – Studies in European Affairs, 4/2024, pp. 151-170. DOI: 10.33067/SE.4.2024.7